Sir Robert Steuart (or Stewart), 1st Baronet (1643–1707) was a Scottish politician.
He was the seventh and youngest son of Sir James Steuart of Kirkfield and Coltness, Lord Provost of Edinburgh, by his first wife Anne Hope.
A merchant at Leith, he purchased the estate of Allanbank in Berwickshire and was created a Baronet of Nova Scotia on 15 August 1687, with remainder to his heirs male whatsoever. From 1698 to 1702 he represented North Berwick in the Parliament of Scotland.
He married firstly in 1682 Jean, daughter of the Lord President of the Court of Session Sir John Gilmour of Craigmillar and sister of Sir Alexander Gilmour, 1st Baronet. His second wife, from 1692, was Jean, daughter of Sir Alexander Cockburn, of Langton. He was succeeded by his first son from his first marriage, who became Sir John Steuart, 2nd Baronet.